Important short Questions with Answers:
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Q: What is the significance of plant biodiversity in Pakistan?
- Plant biodiversity in Pakistan is crucial for maintaining ecosystem balance, supporting agriculture, and preserving unique species with potential medicinal and economic value.
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Q: Name an example of a plant exhibiting apogamy.
- Lady Fern (Athyrium filix-femina) is an example of a fern species that showcases apogamous reproduction.
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Q: How does apospory differ from typical spore formation in ferns?
- Apospory involves the direct development of sporophytes from somatic cells, bypassing the formation of spores and maintaining the ploidy level.
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Q: Explain the role of national policies in conserving plant biodiversity in Pakistan.
- A: National policies, such as the Biodiversity Action Plan (2000), outline strategies for conservation, but their effective implementation requires ongoing efforts.
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Q: Discuss the challenges posed by deforestation to plant biodiversity in Pakistan.
- Deforestation threatens flora and fauna, leading to habitat loss and the endangerment of various plant species, such as markhors, squirrels, and woodpeckers.
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Q: Who is known for contributions to the understanding of apogamy in plant reproductive biology?
- Eduard Strasburger is a renowned plant biologist who explored the concept of apogamy in plant reproductive biology.
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Q: Name a fern species exhibiting apospory.
- A: Common Polypody (Polypodium vulgare) is a fern species known to exhibit apospory.
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Q: How does parthenogenesis contribute to seed formation in certain ferns?
- Parthenogenesis leads to the development of seeds without fertilization, and examples include ferns like Western Sword Fern (Polystichum munitum).
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Q: Explain the alternation of generations in ferns.
- Ferns exhibit an alternation of generations, involving a haploid gametophyte phase and a diploid sporophyte phase in their life cycle.
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Q: What is the role of spore mother cells in fern reproduction?
- Spore mother cells within sporangia undergo meiosis, leading to the production of haploid spores essential for fern reproduction.
Life Cycle of Pteridophytes PDF
Question: What is the significance of understanding the life cycle of pteridophytes?
Answer: Understanding the life cycle of pteridophytes is crucial for comprehending their reproductive strategies and contributing to ecological studies and botanical research. It enhances our knowledge of plant evolution and adaptation.
Classification of Pteridophytes
Question: What are the main classes in the classification of pteridophytes?
Answer: Pteridophytes are classified into four main classes: Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Sphenopsida, and Pteropsida (true ferns). Each class represents a distinct group with specific characteristics.
The Life Cycle of Homosporous Pteridophytes
Question: How does the life cycle of homosporous pteridophytes differ from heterosporous ones?
Answer: In homosporous pteridophytes, a single type of spore is produced, leading to the development of gametophytes that produce both male and female gametes.
Life Cycle of Pteridophytes Diagram
Question: Explain the key components of a diagram illustrating the life cycle of pteridophytes.
Answer: The diagram typically includes sporophyte and gametophyte stages, showcasing spore production, germination, and the development of male and female gametophytes.
Life Cycle of Pteridophytes Notes
Question: What are the essential points to include in notes about the life cycle of pteridophytes?
Answer: Notes should cover spore formation, germination, development of gametophytes, fertilization, and the transition between sporophyte and gametophyte phases.
Reproduction in Pteridophytes
Question: How do pteridophytes reproduce, and what role do spores play in their reproductive cycle?
Answer: Pteridophytes reproduce via spores, which develop into gametophytes. Male and female gametes are produced, leading to fertilization and the initiation of the sporophyte phase.
Economic Importance of Pteridophytes
Question: What is the economic significance of pteridophytes?
Answer: Pteridophytes contribute to soil stabilization, and some ferns have ornamental value. Additionally, certain species have applications in traditional medicine.
Structure of Pteridophytes
Question: Describe the structural features that characterize pteridophytes.
Answer: Pteridophytes exhibit vascular tissues, leaves (fronds), and sporangia. The sporangia produce spores, contributing to their reproductive cycle.
How many generations are there in the life cycle of pteridophytes?
The life cycle of pteridophytes consists of two generations: the sporophyte generation and the gametophyte generation.
What is the generalized plant life cycle?
The generalized plant life cycle involves the alternation of generations between a diploid sporophyte and a haploid gametophyte. Sporophytes produce spores through meiosis, leading to the development of gametophytes, which produce gametes for fertilization.
What is the general structure of pteridophytes?
The general structure of pteridophytes includes vascular tissues for water and nutrient transport, leaves (fronds) for photosynthesis, and reproductive structures such as sporangia, which produce spores.
What is the correct sequence of the life cycle of pteridophytes?
The correct sequence of the life cycle of pteridophytes begins with sporophyte spore production. Spores germinate into haploid gametophytes, which produce male and female gametes. Fertilization occurs, leading to the formation of a diploid zygote that develops into a new sporophyte.
Which type of life cycle does pteridophytes have? A: Alternation of generations
- Explanation: Pteridophytes exhibit an alternation of generations life cycle, involving both haploid (gametophyte) and diploid (sporophyte) phases.
Q: Which is the dominant phase in the life cycle of Pteridophyte? A: Sporophyte
- Explanation: The sporophyte phase is the dominant and long-lived phase in the life cycle of pteridophytes.
Q: Where do pteridophytes grow? A: Terrestrial environments
- Explanation: Pteridophytes are primarily found in terrestrial environments, ranging from moist habitats to drier regions.
Q: What is the most accepted classification of pteridophytes? A: Pterophyta
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1 Comments
M Bilal
ReplyDeleteroll no 1282
i have read