Decoding Monosaccharides and Carbohydrates: A Comprehensive Guide with 40 Solved MCQs and Detailed Explanations
1. What is the general formula for carbohydrates?
a. C6H12O6 b. (CH2O)n c. CO2 d. H2O
Answer: b. (CH2O)n Explanation: The general formula for carbohydrates is (CH2O)n, where "n" represents the number of carbon atoms.
2. What is the literal meaning of "carbohydrates"?
a. Carbon compounds b. Sugar molecules c. Carbon hydrates d. Oxygen-rich compounds
Answer: c. Carbon hydrates Explanation: "Carbohydrates" means "carbon hydrates," indicating compounds consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
3. Which term refers to a polyhydroxyaldehyde?
a. Glucose b. Fructose c. Glyceraldehyde d. Maltose
Answer: c. Glyceraldehyde Explanation: Polyhydroxyaldehyde refers to a compound with multiple hydroxyl groups and an aldehyde functional group, such as glyceraldehyde.
4. What is the primary role of monosaccharides?
a. Energy storage b. Structural support c. Energy source d. Cell communication
Answer: c. Energy source Explanation: Monosaccharides, like glucose, serve as a primary source of energy for cellular processes.
5. Which classification of carbohydrates includes sucrose and lactose?
a. Monosaccharides b. Disaccharides c. Oligosaccharides d. Polysaccharides
Answer: b. Disaccharides Explanation: Disaccharides consist of two monosaccharide units, and examples include sucrose and lactose.
6. Where is glucose primarily stored in the human body?
a. Liver b. Muscles c. Adipose tissue d. Kidneys
Answer: a. Liver Explanation: Glucose is stored in the form of glycogen primarily in the liver and muscles.
7. What is the sweetest naturally occurring carbohydrate?
a. Glucose b. Sucrose c. Fructose d. Maltose
Answer: c. Fructose Explanation: Fructose is considered the sweetest naturally occurring carbohydrate.
8. Which monosaccharide is found in RNA?
a. Ribose b. Glucose c. Fructose d. Galactose
Answer: a. Ribose Explanation: Ribose is a pentose sugar found in RNA.
9. In which cellular process is glucose a crucial metabolic fuel?
a. Photosynthesis b. Glycolysis c. Gluconeogenesis d. Krebs cycle
Answer: b. Glycolysis Explanation: Glucose is a crucial metabolic fuel in the process of glycolysis.
10. What is the main function of carbohydrates in the human body?
a. Protein synthesis b. Energy production c. Lipid storage d. Nucleic acid formation
Answer: b. Energy production Explanation: Carbohydrates play a crucial role in providing energy for cellular processes.
11. Which monosaccharide is commonly found in fruits and honey?
a. Glucose b. Fructose c. Galactose d. Sucrose
Answer: b. Fructose Explanation: Fructose is commonly found in fruits and honey.
12. What is the primary storage form of carbohydrates in plants?
a. Glycogen b. Cellulose c. Starch d. Lactose
Answer: c. Starch Explanation: Plants store carbohydrates in the form of starch.
13. Which carbohydrate is a polymer of glucose and serves as an energy reservoir in animals?
a. Starch b. Cellulose c. Glycogen d. Sucrose
Answer: c. Glycogen Explanation: Glycogen is a polysaccharide and serves as an energy reservoir in animals.
14. What type of sugar is lactose?
a. Monosaccharide b. Disaccharide c. Oligosaccharide d. Polysaccharide
Answer: b. Disaccharide Explanation: Lactose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and galactose.
15. Which carbohydrate is a component of the cell walls in plants?
a. Starch b. Glycogen c. Cellulose d. Sucrose
Answer: c. Cellulose Explanation: Cellulose is a polysaccharide and a major component of plant cell walls.
16. What is the main role of carbohydrates in cell communication?
a. Energy production b. Structural support c. Signaling d. Storage
Answer: c. Signaling Explanation: Carbohydrates play a role in cell recognition and communication.
17. Which carbohydrate is commonly found in milk and dairy products?
a. Glucose b. Fructose c. Lactose d. Sucrose
Answer: c. Lactose Explanation: Lactose is a disaccharide found in milk and dairy products.
18. What is the primary energy source for the brain?
a. Fatty acids b. Glucose c. Amino acids d. Ketones
Answer: b. Glucose Explanation: Glucose is a crucial metabolic fuel for the brain.
19. Which term refers to carbohydrates with multiple hydroxyl groups and a ketone functional group?
a. Polyhydroxyaldehyde b. Polyhydroxyketone c. Aldose d. Ketose
Answer: b. Polyhydroxyketone Explanation: Polyhydroxyketone refers to carbohydrates with multiple hydroxyl groups and a ketone functional group.
20. In which form do monosaccharides often exist in aqueous solutions?
a. Linear form b. Circular form c. Helical form d. Square form
Answer: b. Circular form Explanation: Monosaccharides often adopt a cyclic or ring structure in aqueous solutions.
21. What is the function of glycogen in the human body?
a. Energy storage in plants b. Energy storage in animals c. Structural support in plants d. Cell communication
Answer: b. Energy storage in animals Explanation: Glycogen serves as an energy storage form in animals.
22. Which carbohydrate is involved in the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis?
a. Glucose b. Ribose c. Ribulose d. Fructose
Answer: c. Ribulose Explanation: Ribulose is involved in the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis.
23. Which monosaccharide is an aldohexose and a primary energy source for cells?
a. Fructose b. Glucose c. Galactose d. Ribose
Answer: b. Glucose Explanation: Glucose is an aldohexose and a primary energy source for cells.
24. What is the sweet taste of some monosaccharides attributed to?
a. Aldehyde group b. Ketone group c. Hydroxyl groups d. Carbonyl group
Answer: c. Hydroxyl groups Explanation: The sweet taste of some monosaccharides, like glucose and fructose, is attributed to their hydroxyl groups.
25. Which carbohydrate is found in avocados and some other plants?
a. Glucose b. Fructose c. Sedoheptulose d. Mannoheptulose
Answer: d. Mannoheptulose Explanation: Mannoheptulose is found in avocados and some other plants.
26. What is the main role of carbohydrates in the structure of cells and tissues?
a. Energy storage b. Structural support c. Cell communication d. Enzyme activation
Answer: b. Structural support Explanation: Carbohydrates contribute to the structure of cells and tissues.
27. What is the term for a compound with multiple hydroxyl groups and an aldehyde functional group?
a. Polyhydroxyaldehyde b. Polyhydroxyketone c. Aldose d. Ketose
Answer: a. Polyhydroxyaldehyde Explanation: Polyhydroxyaldehyde refers to a compound with multiple hydroxyl groups and an aldehyde functional group.
28. In which form does glucose primarily exist in the human body?
a. Linear form b. Circular form c. Helical form d. Branched form
Answer: b. Circular form Explanation: In aqueous solutions, glucose often exists in a cyclic or ring structure.
29. What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the human diet?
a. Provide vitamins b. Serve as antioxidants c. Supply energy d. Enhance water absorption
Answer: c. Supply energy Explanation: Carbohydrates in the diet provide a major source of energy for the body.
30. What is the classification of carbohydrates with three to ten monosaccharide units?
a. Monosaccharides b. Disaccharides c. Oligosaccharides d. Polysaccharides
Answer: c. Oligosaccharides Explanation: Oligosaccharides consist of three to ten monosaccharide units.
31. Which monosaccharide is commonly found in honey and contributes to its sweetness?
a. Glucose b. Fructose c. Galactose d. Sucrose
Answer: b. Fructose Explanation: Fructose is commonly found in honey and contributes to its sweetness.
32. What is the term for carbohydrates with multiple hydroxyl groups and a ketone functional group?
a. Polyhydroxyaldehyde b. Polyhydroxyketone c. Aldose d. Ketose
Answer: b. Polyhydroxyketone Explanation: Polyhydroxyketone refers to carbohydrates with multiple hydroxyl groups and a ketone functional group.
33. Which monosaccharide is commonly found in milk and contributes to the sweet taste of lactose?
a. Glucose b. Fructose c. Galactose d. Sucrose
Answer: c. Galactose Explanation: Galactose is a monosaccharide found in milk and is part of the disaccharide lactose.
34. In which form is glucose stored in plants?
a. Starch b. Glycogen c. Cellulose d. Maltose
Answer: a. Starch Explanation: Glucose is stored in plants in the form of starch.
35. Which process converts light energy into chemical energy in plants, leading to glucose synthesis?
a. Cellular respiration b. Glycolysis c. Photosynthesis d. Gluconeogenesis
Answer: c. Photosynthesis Explanation: Photosynthesis is the process in plants that converts light energy into chemical energy, leading to glucose synthesis.
36. What is the primary function of carbohydrates in cellular respiration?
a. Provide structural support b. Serve as energy substrate c. Act as antioxidants d. Facilitate enzyme activation
Answer: b. Serve as energy substrate Explanation: Carbohydrates serve as a primary energy substrate in cellular respiration.
37. Which monosaccharide is an aldopentose and is involved in the structure of RNA?
a. Glucose b. Fructose c. Ribose d. Maltose
Answer: c. Ribose Explanation: Ribose is an aldopentose and is involved in the structure of RNA.
38. What is the term for carbohydrates with more than ten monosaccharide units?
a. Monosaccharides b. Disaccharides c. Oligosaccharides d. Polysaccharides
Answer: d. Polysaccharides Explanation: Polysaccharides consist of more than ten monosaccharide units.
39. Which carbohydrate is a polymer of glucose and provides structural support to plant cell walls?
a. Starch b. Glycogen c. Cellulose d. Lactose
Answer: c. Cellulose Explanation: Cellulose is a polysaccharide providing structural support to plant cell walls.
40. What is the primary role of carbohydrates in glycolysis?
a. Energy storage b. Energy production c. Structural support d. Cell communication
Answer: b. Energy production Explanation: Carbohydrates, particularly glucose, are a crucial source of energy in glycolysis.
41. Which carbohydrate is formed through the reaction between an aldehyde or ketone group and a hydroxyl group?
a. Hemiacetal b. Hemiketal c. Acetal d. Ketal
Answer: a. Hemiacetal *Explanation: The reaction between an aldehyde or ketone group and a hydrox
.png)
0 Comments