Chromatography Quiz: Test Your Knowledge with 30 Multiple-Choice Questions
Which technique separates components based on their affinity for a stationary phase and a mobile phase?
a) Distillation
b) Filtration
c) Chromatography
d) Precipitation
Answer: c) Chromatography
Solution: Chromatography separates components based on their differential interactions with a stationary and a mobile phase.
What is the stationary phase in gas chromatography?
a) Liquid
b) Solid
c) Gas
d) Gel
Answer: b) Solid
Solution: In gas chromatography, the stationary phase is typically a solid coated on the inside of the column.
What property primarily determines the separation of components in chromatography?
a) Size
b) Density
c) Polarity
d) Temperature
Answer: c) Polarity
Solution: The polarity of components determines their affinity for the stationary phase and thus their separation in chromatography.
Which chromatographic technique is based on the migration of components through a liquid or gel medium?
a) Gas chromatography
b) Ion exchange chromatography
c) Thin-layer chromatography
d) Size exclusion chromatography
Answer: c) Thin-layer chromatography
Solution: In thin-layer chromatography, components migrate through a thin layer of adsorbent on a solid support.
Which factor does not influence the separation in chromatography?
a) pH of the mobile phase
b) Nature of the stationary phase
c) Pressure of the mobile phase
d) Composition of the solvent system
Answer: c) Pressure of the mobile phase
Solution: While pressure affects the flow rate, it does not directly influence the separation in chromatography.
What technique is used to visualise separated components in chromatography?
a) Spectroscopy
b) Microscopy
c) Staining or dyeing
d) Fluorescence
Answer: c) Staining or dyeing
Solution: Staining or dyeing enhances the visibility of separated components in chromatography.
Which chromatographic technique uses an electric field to separate components?
a) Gas chromatography
b) Thin-layer chromatography
c) Ion exchange chromatography
d) Electrophoresis
Answer: d) Electrophoresis
Solution: Electrophoresis uses an electric field to separate charged components based on their mobility.
What is the mobile phase in gas chromatography?
a) Liquid
b) Solid
c) Gas
d) Gel
Answer: c) Gas
Solution: In gas chromatography, the mobile phase is a carrier gas that moves through the column.
Which chromatographic technique is suitable for separating proteins based on their size?
a) Gas chromatography
b) Thin-layer chromatography
c) Ion exchange chromatography
d) Size exclusion chromatography
Answer: d) Size exclusion chromatography
Solution: Size exclusion chromatography separates molecules based on their size as they pass through a porous stationary phase.
What is the primary purpose of the stationary phase in chromatography?
a) To carry sample components
b) To enhance resolution
c) To provide a matrix for interaction
d) To prevent migration of components
Answer: c) To provide a matrix for interaction
Solution: The stationary phase interacts with sample components, leading to their separation based on various properties.
Which type of chromatography separates components based on their charge?
a) Gas chromatography
b) Thin-layer chromatography
c) Ion exchange chromatography
d) Affinity chromatography
Answer: c) Ion exchange chromatography
Solution: Ion exchange chromatography separates components based on their interactions with charged groups in the stationary phase.
What role does capillary action play in chromatography?
a) Carries the mobile phase
b) Enhances resolution
c) Determines the polarity
d) Moves the mobile phase through the stationary phase
Answer: d) Moves the mobile phase through the stationary phase
Solution: Capillary action facilitates the movement of the mobile phase through the stationary phase, aiding in separation.
Which chromatographic technique separates components based on their affinity for a solid stationary phase and a liquid mobile phase?
a) Gas chromatography
b) Liquid chromatography
c) Thin-layer chromatography
d) Affinity chromatography
Answer: b) Liquid chromatography
Solution: Liquid chromatography separates components based on their interaction with a liquid mobile phase and a solid stationary phase.
What is the purpose of the eluent in chromatography?
a) To carry sample components
b) To enhance resolution
c) To develop the chromatogram
d) To wash the column
Answer: c) To develop the chromatogram
Solution: The eluent helps in developing the chromatogram by carrying sample components and facilitating separation.
Which chromatographic technique is commonly used for separating amino acids and peptides?
a) Gas chromatography
b) Liquid chromatography
c) Thin-layer chromatography
d) Affinity chromatography
Answer: b) Liquid chromatography
Solution: Liquid chromatography is suitable for separating amino acids and peptides based on their interactions with the stationary and mobile phases.
What is the principle behind affinity chromatography?
a) Separation based on charge
b) Separation based on size
c) Separation based on affinity for specific ligands
d) Separation based on polarity
Answer: c) Separation based on affinity for specific ligands
Solution: Affinity chromatography separates components based on their specific interactions with immobilized ligands on the stationary phase.
Which chromatographic technique is suitable for separating components based on their boiling points?
a) Gas chromatography
b) Liquid chromatography
c) Ion exchange chromatography
d) Size exclusion chromatography
Answer: a) Gas chromatography
Solution: Gas chromatography separates components based on their volatility and boiling points as they vaporize in the column.
What is the primary advantage of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)?
a) High resolution
b) Low cost
c) Minimal sample preparation
d) High flow rate
Answer: a) High resolution
Solution: HPLC offers high resolution, allowing for the separation of closely related components in complex mixtures.
Which type of chromatography is commonly used for separating non-volatile and thermally unstable compounds?
a) Gas chromatography
b) Liquid chromatography
c) Thin-layer chromatography
d) Size exclusion chromatography
Answer: b) Liquid chromatography
Solution: Liquid chromatography is suitable for separating non-volatile and thermally unstable compounds that cannot be analyzed by gas chromatography.
What is the role of a detector in chromatography?
a) Determines the polarity
b) Develops the chromatogram
c) Visualizes separated components
d) Quantifies separated components
Answer: d) Quantifies separated components
Solution: Detectors in chromatography quantify the separated components by measuring their signals, such as absorbance or fluorescence.
Which type of chromatography is commonly used for separating components based on their hydrophobicity?
a) Gas chromatography
b) Liquid chromatography
c) Reverse-phase chromatography
d) Affinity chromatography
Answer: c) Reverse-phase chromatography
Solution: Reverse-phase chromatography separates components based on their hydrophobic interactions with the stationary phase.
What technique is used to separate enantiomers in chromatography?
a) Gas chromatography
b) Liquid chromatography
c) Chiral chromatography
d) Thin-layer chromatography
Answer: c) Chiral chromatography
Solution: Chiral chromatography separates enantiomers based on their different interactions with chiral stationary phases.
Which factor does not affect the retention time in chromatography?
a) Temperature
b) Flow rate
c) Column length
d) Solvent composition
Answer: b) Flow rate
Solution: While flow rate affects the speed of elution, it does not directly impact the retention time of components.
What is the purpose of a guard column in chromatography?
a) Separates sample components
b) Protects the analytical column
c) Enhances resolution
d) Detects separated components
Answer: b) Protects the analytical column
Solution: A guard column protects the analytical column from contamination and extends its lifetime.
Which chromatographic technique separates components based on their charge-to-size ratio?
a) Gas chromatography
b) Liquid chromatography
c) Ion exchange chromatography
d) Size exclusion chromatography
Answer: c) Ion exchange chromatography
Solution: Ion exchange chromatography separates components based on their charge-to-size ratio and affinity for charged groups in the stationary phase.
What is the primary disadvantage of thin-layer chromatography (TLC)?
a) Low resolution
b) Long analysis time
c) High cost
d) Limited sensitivity
Answer: a) Low resolution
Solution: TLC offers lower resolution compared to other chromatographic techniques due to the thin layer of adsorbent.
What is the purpose of sample application in chromatography?
a) Determines the polarity
b) Develops the chromatogram
c) Carries the mobile phase
d) Introduces the sample onto the column
Answer: d) Introduces the sample onto the column
Solution: Sample application introduces the sample onto the column or stationary phase for separation.
Which chromatographic technique is commonly used for separating components based on their charge?
a) Gas chromatography
b) Liquid chromatography
c) Ion exchange chromatography
d) Affinity chromatography
Answer: c) Ion exchange chromatography
Solution: Ion exchange chromatography separates components based on their interactions with charged groups in the stationary phase.
What is the purpose of a mobile phase modifier in chromatography?
a) Enhances resolution
b) Determines the polarity
c) Controls the flow rate
d) Improves peak shape
Answer: b) Determines the polarity
Solution: A mobile phase modifier adjusts the polarity of the mobile phase, affecting the separation of components.
Which factor affects the efficiency of separation in chromatography?
a) Temperature
b) Flow rate
c) Column diameter
d) Sample concentration
Answer: c) Column diameter
Solution: Column diameter influences the efficiency of separation, with smaller diameters providing higher resolution.
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